Research Critique Part 1 Essay

This paper will investigate a subjective exploration study distributed in the Journal of Medical Ethics in 2004, By Dr Helen Aveyard, about how attendants oversee patients who deny nursing care strategies. The article clarifies how medical attendants see educated assent as not being fundamental to nursing care methods. Issue Statement The clinical issue being analyzed in the exploration study is the manner by which medical attendants get agree preceding directing nursing care techniques, and the manner in which medical attendants oversee patients who decline any nursing care systems. By expressing that medical attendants â€Å"do not view getting assent as a flat out requirement† likewise expressing that â€Å"consent is liked yet no considered essential† the noteworthiness is built up and a clinical issue identified.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) The creator distinguishes the requirement for additional training of attendants on the need to get educated assent for nursing care techniques, and the requirement for more examination of this subject. Reason and Research Questions The investigation unmistakably distinguishes the point of the examination as â€Å"to analyze the manner by which medical attendants oversee patients who deny nursing care procedures.†(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) The investigation distinguishes two fundamental purposes for the examination concentrate as: 1-To inspect how assent is gotten preceding nursing care techniques, 2-To investigate the manners by which assent could be drawn closer by clinical nurses.†(Aveyard, 2004, p. 347) The creator gave away from or point of the exploration issue, â€Å"the manner by which medical attendants oversee patients who reject nursing care procedures.†(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) And related the issue to the inquiries of how assent is gotten, how getting assent can be drawn closer, and at the degree to which assent stays willful. The subjective strategy is fitting for this investigation as the data required was gotten through meetings, perceptions and center gatherings to respond to the topic of how medical attendants acquire assent and for investigating ways assent could be drawn closer later on, because of the absence of conversation in nursing writing on getting agree preceding nursing care procedures.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) Literature Review The writer refers to subjective exploration articles and nursing instruction manuals and reference booklets from various writers and timeframes. There were no quantitative examinations refered to. All examination article referenced were applicable to the investigation, most were more prominent than seven years of age and more established. No assessments of qualities or shortcomings were accessible for referenced material. The impediments of this investigation were named as: â€Å"data was exploratory, It was not the particular goal to investigate the administration of the patient who rejects care; the point originated from the inductive information analysis.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 349) It is significant as this is a formerly unexplored territory of nursing.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 349) The creator constructs a coherent contention through conversation of nursing training, and the way that nursing instruction and the focal point of educated assent in nursing instruction is on the nurse’s job in getting agree before clinical systems and examination methods, and not preceding nursing care strategies. The creator utilizes the contention that the absence of conversation on educated assent doesn't discredit its significance and it reason which is to ensure a patients self-governance .(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) Conceptual/Theoretical Framework. There is no particular point of view distinguished inside this examination. There was no chart or applied structure in the investigation. The outcomes are plainly characterized and test was depicted as being purposive example of qualified medical caretakers from two showing clinics in England. (Aveyard, 2004, p. 647) The creator utilized a grounded hypothesis kind of subjective examination study. Through perception of how assent is gotten, nurses’ translations of why assent is acquired, six center gatherings, and top to bottom meetings, information was gathered and dissected. (Aveyard, 2004, p. 347) The examining was purposive, and was said to comprise of qualified medical attendants who were â€Å"willing-and ready to review and talk about basic occurrences. (Aveyard, 2004, p. 347) The meetings were copied and translated center gathering and meeting information were joined in information examination and transcripts were broke down utilizing a consistent comparison.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 347)

Energy Definition and Examples

Vitality Definition and Examples Vitality is characterized as the limit of a physical framework to perform work. In any case, its critical to remember that since vitality exists, that doesnt meanâ its fundamentally accessible to accomplish work. Types of Energy Vitality exists in a few structures, for example, heat, active or mechanical vitality, light, potential vitality, and electrical vitality. Warmth s are vitality discharged by splitting and combination. Different types of vitality may incorporate geothermal vitality and characterization of vitality as sustainable or nonrenewable. There might be cover between types of vitality and an item perpetually has more than each sort in turn. For instance, a swinging pendulum has both motor and potential vitality, warm vitality, and (contingent upon its creation) may have electrical and attractive vitality. Law of Conservation of Energy As per the law of protection of vitality, the all out vitality of a framework stays consistent, however vitality may change into another structure. Two billiard balls crashing, for instance, may stop, with the subsequent vitality getting sound and maybe a touch of warmth at the purpose of impact. At the point when the balls are moving, they have active vitality. Regardless of whether they are moving or fixed, they additionally have potential vitality since they are on a table over the ground. Vitality can't be made, nor wrecked, yet it can change frames and is likewise identified with mass. The mass-vitality equality hypothesis expresses an item very still in a casing of reference has a rest vitality. On the off chance that extra vitality is provided to the article, it really expands that items mass. For instance, on the off chance that you heat a steel bearing (including warm vitality), you somewhat increment its mass. Units of Energy The SI unit of vitality is the joule (J) or newton-meter (N * m). The joule is likewise the SI unit of work.

Visualize whirled peas

Visualize whirled peas I dont want to alarm those of you in California, Texas, Florida but its snowing here, and it is beautiful. Im overlooking this winter wonderland as Im reading applications today, and it makes me feel calm, very much at peace. Last night I went to see the opening night premiere of the Bollywood movie Veer-Zaara. I love the energy of opening night film crowds, especially for big releases. The last crowd I was in that was this juiced was for The Matrix: Revolutions, and dont expect to be in one again until Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith (have you seen the teaser trailer yet?). There were cheers and shouting as each of the major actors made their first appearance. I thought Amitabh Bachchan was particularly good. The film is primarily a love story, but there are major themes of justice and peace running throughout the film. During intermission, I was thinking about a students essay I had read the day before about the India-Pakistan conflict and how it continues to affect even South Asians in the United States, and how it related to the promotion of unity and understanding on the Indian subcontinent in the film. Peace has been on my mind a lot lately. Another essay I read recently talked about the conflict in Northern Ireland. In the news, Mahmoud Abbas will lead the PLO, what will this mean for the conflict in Israel and Palestine? US troops are fighting in Falluja (a conservative radio commentator in Boston has been advocating dropping an atomic bomb on Falluja. Sadly, Im not making this up). Its important to remember that while this college application process is going on and everything else, there are many important things going on in the world. The application reading process continues. Right now, Im taking a little break from reading, eating some dumplings I bought down at Super 88. Theres a pretty big stack of folders on my dining room table. Just how does the reading process work, you ask? Ill take the folders one at a time. First, I read the application components. I try to understand who you are, where youre coming from, what motivates you, what youve accomplished, what you hope to accomplish. Then, after carefully thinking about everything youve told us, and everything your teachers, counselor, and interviewer have told us, it is my job to summarize your application on the previously mentioned E-3 card. I really take my job seriously and give each and every one of you the consideration that you deserve. All of this reading and summarizing takes about 30 minutes. Usually this process will be repeated by a second reader. Finally, in a few weeks, that E-3 card will go to the entire Admissions Committee to make a decision on (more on this part of the process later). You may wonder where we read these applications. For the most part, we do not read applications in our office. We want to be somewhere where we wont be disturbed by visitors, where we can really focus on your application. Most of the people in our office read in their homes. For me, there are several places where you might find me (though I beg you to not seek me out in any of these places): the dining room table (when my housemates are out) Cassava Boba Lounge (founded by two MIT alums!) Diesel Cafe (Starbucks rival in my neighborhood) MIT Rotch Architecture Planning Library (good light, nice tables) my office (weekends only) Youll find me at one of these five places pretty much every day for the rest of the month. There are a lot of your applications to be read! And speaking of your applications, back to reading I go Current music: Peking Opera, The Forest on Fire Not the same few colleges: McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Remember, not all of the best colleges are in the United States. Why not check out this beautiful campus in downtown Montreal? And you can practice your French while youre there

How the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn Were Named

The Tropic of Cancer was named because at the time of its naming, the sun was positioned in the Cancer constellation during the  June solstice. Likewise, the Tropic of Capricorn was named because the sun was in the constellation Capricorn during the  December solstice. The naming took place about 2000 years ago, and the sun is no longer in those constellations at that time of year.  At the June solstice, the  Sun  is in Taurus, and at the December solstice, the sun is in Sagittarius. Why the Tropics Are Important Geographic features like the equator are reasonably straightforward, but the Tropics can be confusing. The Tropics were marked off because they are both places within the hemisphere where it is possible to have the sun directly overhead. This was an important distinction for ancient travelers who used the heavens to guide their way. In an age  when our smartphones know  where we are at all times, its hard to imagine how hard getting around used to be. For much of human history, the position of the sun and stars was often all explorers and traders had to navigate by.   Where the Tropics Are The Tropic of Capricorn can be found at latitude 23.5 degrees south. The Tropic of Cancer is at 23.5 degrees north. The equator is the circle where the sun can be found directly overhead at noon.   What the Major Circles of Latitude Are Circles of latitude are an abstract east and west circle that connects all places on Earth. Latitude and longitude are used as addresses for every part of the globe. On maps  latitude  lines are horizontal, and longitude lines are vertical. There is an infinite  number of latitude circles on earth. Arcs of latitude are sometimes used to define the boundary between countries that lack distinctive geographic borders like mountain ranges or deserts. There are five major circles of latitude. Arctic CircleTropic of CancerEquatorTropic of CapricornAntarctic Circle Living in the Torrid Zone The circles of latitude also serve to mark the boundaries between the geographical zones. The zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic  of Cancer is known as the Torrid Zone.  In the United States, this area is more commonly known as the tropics. This area comprises almost forty  percent of the globe. It is projected that by the year 2030, half of the global population will live in this area. When one considers the climate of the tropics its easy to see why so many people want to live there.   The tropics are known for their lush green vegetation  and moist climate. Average  temperatures range from warm to hot year round. Many places in the tropics experience rainy seasons which range from one to several months of consistent rainfall. Incidents of malaria tend to rise during rainy seasons. Some areas in the tropics such as the Sahara desert or Australian outback are defined as dry rather than tropical.

The Common Core State Standards - 1733 Words

Common Core, these two words have come to mean more, in the past four years, than two words with no similarities. 43 out of 50 states are signed on to the Common Core State Standards as of now (Khadaroo). This paper will review the good, the bad and the alternatives to the Common Core, from the eyes of a student that is affected by these standards everyday. Through researching this topic, it has become apparent that the common core has good intentions, however bad implementations. Forty Percent of high school graduates are currently taking remedial courses. The goal of the new standards and tests is to improve on these abysmal stats. States have varied in how quickly and aggressively they have implements the CCSS*. Reading score have improved by 1.1 points since 2011 (Loveless). Arne Duncan, United States Secretary of Education and parent, has stated that American Schools are changing, because the world is changing. The positive claims for the common core include that it represents a set of smarter standards, implies a student centered teaching and can level the playing field for many students (Strauss). Tracy Scott, South Dakota High School English and Spanish teacher in a personal interview declared that Anytime there is a focus on curriculum, it is important to have a focus, CC is a good focus. Yeah. On November 29th, 2010, the SD Board of Education moved to adopt the Common Core State Standards (Common Core State Standards). The Common Core entitles stan dards toShow MoreRelatedThe Common Core State Standards764 Words   |  4 PagesThe Common Core State Standards are a state attempt to create strong educational standards. The standard are created to ensure that students in the country are learning and grasping the information that are given in the classrooms for them to succeed academically. The Common Core plan included governors and education commissioners form forty-eight states and the District of Columbia. They wanted to make sure the standards are relevant, logical and sequential. For content all subjects must have critical-thinkingRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards 1791 Words   |  7 Pagesnew Common Core State Standards for Mathematics bring a new opportunity to the classrooms of the United States that many people view as a controversial. According to the NCTM (2013) â€Å"The Common Core State Standards offer a foundation for the development of more rigorous, focused, and coherent mathematics curricula, instruct ion, and assessments that promote conceptual understanding and reasoning as well as skill fluency† (par. 1). While some people believe that the Common Core State Standards mayRead MoreThe Common Core State Standard1492 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking over the Loveless article, the paper seemed to have a very negative view of the Common Core State Standard. The part that was most interesting to me throughout the reading was when Loveless referred to the furthering of teacher development with the Common Core Standard. The article was very persuasive for someone who had not known a great deal about the Common Core and led me to believe that it was not a helpful tool to the teaching community. Nonetheless, once I did some deeper researchRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesyour life? The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) not only standardizes education, but it makes comprehension and intricate tool of the learning process. When it comes to American public education, the diagnosis has been offered that our schools suffer from a lack of consistent standards from coast to coast about what our kids should leave school knowing. The fix that has been adopted in a number of states in the last few years is a set of standards called the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), whichRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards881 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2009, states around the country began adopting the Common Core State Standards. These standards were put in place to ensure that each child was on the same academic level by high school graduation. As the global marketplace becomes increasingly more competitive, the United States hopes that Common Core will enable the coming generations to be better prepared. As of right now, my working thesis is Common Core is overall unsuccessful in its effort, and discontinuing or, at the least, replacingRead MoreCommon Core State Standards760 Words   |  3 PagesCommon Core State Standards, or Common Core for short, has been making headlines in 2014. Not a curriculum, Common Core is a set of standards defining the skills in which students from kindergarten through 12th grade need to have each year in order to be prepared for the next grade. Creating these national academic standards was a state-led initiative that included a coalition of educators and governors. Administrators, educators and parents participated in the developement of the actual standardsRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pages2009 the Common Core State Standards, or CCSS, was initiated, and since then has become a large part of education today. News shows in multiple states have shown students protesting these new standards by skipping classes and school all together. These actions obviously show their refusal to work with the new standards. While there are many teachers who are happy with these standards, students still need to be convinced, and teachers can help this by supporting Common Core State Standards. This inRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards937 Words   |  4 Pages Forty-two states, along with the District of Columbia have adopted Common Core State Standards. These standards were created to focus only on English and Mathematics. An effect of states adopting Common Core State Standards is that all other subjects taught in school were emphasized less. History, Science, and many other subjects are no longer stressed; therefore students are limited to being proficient in only two subjects. The Common Core deprives students’ ability to be skilled in multiple areasRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards1298 Words   |  6 Pagesterms of core subject content, as well as though social activity and elective/activity courses. However, there has often been a disconnect between different states and districts over what exactly should be in the curriculum for various grades and what is needed to prepare students for life beyond school, as well as providing little basis for comparing the US to other countries. That’s where Common Core State St andards (CCSS) come in. According to Teaching in the Middle School (2012), the Common CoreRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe Common Core State Standards (CCSS) initiative is a plan to restructure the educational system in the United States and provide students with a high-quality education. Many states have adopted and are implementing these standards. In our fast changing world, different skills are needed to do the jobs our society has to offer. Upon completion of high school, these students need to be equipped to either enter the workforce prepared to meet the demands of their employers or to enter college prepared

Frequency of Presidential Appointees on Federal Judges Free Essays

The frequency table reveals how many presidential appointees each president made to the Federal Appellate Court bench. This calculated on a per year basis shows that their has been a steady increase, with the exceptions of Ford who showed less and Carter who showed more, in the number of appointees to Federal Appellate Court bench during the last 10 presidencies. Since Federal Court judges are appointed for life terms, under conditions of â€Å"good behavior,† I attribute this increase in the number of Federal Appellate Court judges to larger caseloads with more issues to decide. We will write a custom essay sample on Frequency of Presidential Appointees on Federal Judges or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the exceptions noted earlier, Ford, who served only 2 ? years, appointed an average of 4. 8 Appellate Court judges a year. The other exception, Carter who served 4 years and made 56 appointments, had the greatest impact on the Federal Appellate Court system, averaging 14 appointees a year. A Perspective Look at Bush and Clinton’s Federal Appellate Court Appointees The data illustrates that Bush’s Federal judge appointees were within party lines 91% of the time. In 37 of his awarded Federal judgeships, 34 were Republican, 2 were Democrat, and 1 independent. In contrast, Clinton also stayed within party lines, but at a lesser rate, 85% going to his party, appointing 41 of 48 Federal judgeships to Democrats. The other appointees made by Clinton consisted of 3 Republicans and 4 Independents. It is apparent that presidents appoint Federal Appellate Court judges who conform to their political ideologies. Republican judges, who are chosen because of their Conservative views, tend to hand down decisions that favor government and large businesses. This becomes important in litigation involving labor-management conflicts, environmental issues, and personal injury cases when corporate America is the defendant. Democratic presidents, who also appoint Federal judges in conformity with their political ideology, appoint Democrats. These Democratic Federal Appellate court judges, liberals, are less concerned with the rights of government and corporate America and more concerned with the rights of individuals. This becomes evident in issues involving the First Amendment, rights of individuals in criminal cases, and matters involving discrimination of women and minorities. The statistics show that over the last 10 presidencies, women were appointed to the bench of the Federal Court of Appeals in 39 of the 370 total appointments, or 10% of the time. The appointment of women as Federal Appellate Court judges was never fashionable for either the Republican or Democratic presidents until very liberal Carter, during his term, appointed 11 women to the bench. Although Bush’s percentage of women appointed as Federal Appellate Court justices is only 19% of his total, it is much higher than his closest Republican predecessor, Reagan, with a 5% comparison. Clinton’s record in regard to female appointees is more balanced, but still skewed. One third of his appointees as Federal Court of Appeals judges in his first 6 years have been a woman. This contrast in difference, Clinton 42% higher than Bush in female appointees, clearly demonstrates their difference in political ideologies. The Democrats with their beliefs in individual rights, reflected in pro-choice decisions, and public policies, such as, protections on the environment by corporations, have attracted many women voters. The Democrats have also been influential in advocating equal rights for women, especially in sexual harassment litigation. The analysis shows that Bush appointed white Federal Appellate Court judges 90% of the time. In Bush’s 4 years of office, he appointed 4 judges from a minority, 2 African-American judges, and 2 Hispanic judges, comprising the other 10%. In Clinton’s 6 years of office, 23% of his Appellate Court appointments have been from a minority group. He has appointed 5 African-American judges, 5 Hispanic judges, and for the first time an Asian-American judge. Cinton’s appointees from a minority group outnumbered Bush’s by over 2 to 1. The appointment of Federal Appellate Court judges compared by race in influenced by the beliefs of the political party. Democrats, who traditionally held support from African-Americans and more recently Hispanics, are more favorable toward the ills of the economically depressed, and advocate policies toward equal rights and affirmative action. This being reflected by the percentage of persons of minority being appointed as judges to the Federal Appellate Court by Democrats. The Republican presidents, 5 of the last 10, have appointed 6 persons of minority to the Federal Appellate Court bench. This is 18% in the overall total of 33 minority judges appointed. This demonstrates less concern for minorities and the knowledge of the Republican Party that their support does not come from this sector of the population. In respect to Bush’s Federal Appellate Court appointments, religion plays an important part in the decision but less than political ideology, gender, and race. 54% of Bush’s appointed judgeships were from the Protestant faith, 24% from the Roman Catholic faith, and 16% from the Jewish faith. The remaining 6% came from those with no religion. Clinton’s appointments to Federal Appellate Court judgeships show nearly equal distributions between the Protestant and Roman Catholic faiths with 35% and 33% respectively. The Jewish faith under Clinton received 19% of the appointments and those of Unitarian faith and of no religion received 13%. The percentages are consistent with the knowledge that the United States is a mostly Protestant nation. Republicans, over the last 10 presidencies have by an overwhelming majority, awarded Federal Appellate Court appointments to Protestants. The Democrats, over the same span, have shown more diversity in their appointments. This is in line with the liberal views of the Democrats concerning equal rights and discrimination policy. Overall Patterns of Presidential Appointees to the Federal Appellate Court Bench The statistics revealed by this data indicate that Republican Presidential Appellate Court appointees are predominately white, male, and Protestant. Just during the last 2 Republican presidencies, Reagan and Bush, have the Republicans become a little more diverse in their appointments of Federal Appellate Court judges. The appointments during the Republican terms of Reagan and Bush consisted of ultra-conservatives who were well accustomed to politics and most likely millionaires. The Democratic presidents, likely more liberals in their beliefs, demonstrated this in their appointments to the Federal Appellate Court judgeships. Although the Democratic presidents appointed primarily Democrats, the data shows an increase in the appointments of women, minorities, and other religious faiths; demonstrating diversity and capturing support from these groups. Changes in Federal Appellate Court Appointments over the last 50 years The last 50 years, in respect to Federal Appellate Court judicial appointments, saw Republicans and Democrats appoint members from their own party. The Democrats, starting with Truman, began appointing minorities to Federal Appellate Court judgeships. It was not until the 60’s when civil rights and discrimination became issues that Democratic presidents became diverse in their appointments and starting including women and minorities. The Democratic presidents have included religions other than Protestant in their appointments at a higher rate than the Republicans. During this 50-year period, the Republican presidents have not traditionally appointed women or minorities to the Federal Appellate Court. Not until the 80’s, under Reagan, did a Republican president appoint members to the Appellate Court that included women and minorities. The majority of the appointees under Reagan and Bush remained to be white males. The appointments by Republican presidents from religions other than Protestant remained low in comparison to their Democratic counterparts. How to cite Frequency of Presidential Appointees on Federal Judges, Essay examples

Cips Level-5 Exam Guidance free essay sample

Unit content guide Advanced diploma in purchasing and supply The units that make up the award are: †¢ Management in the purchasing function †¢ Risk management and supply chain vulnerability †¢ Improving supply chain performance Plus a choice of two optional units: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Marketing for purchasers Storage and distribution Operations management in the supply chain The machinery of government Contracting in the public sector Sustainable procurement Revised content September 2009 The content (including references, names and acronyms) are correct at the time of publication, June 2009. Copyright CIPS  © Advanced diploma in purchasing and supply Introduction The Chartered Institute of Purchasing Supply qualifications ladder has six levels of awards. For details of the entry requirements for each level, please refer to www. cips. org The CIPS Advanced diploma in purchasing and supply is a Level 5 higher level qualification. It has been accredited by the Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulator (Ofqual) and appears on the National Database of Accredited Qualifications (NDAQ). We will write a custom essay sample on Cips Level-5 Exam Guidance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Please refer to www. accreditedqualifications. org. uk The Level 5 Advanced diploma in purchasing and supply consists of three compulsory units. Additionally you must choose two optional units from a choice of six including Sustainable procurement optional unit, launched in September 2009 with first assessment in November 2009. A measure of the amount of input time required to achieve the qualification. This includes lectures, tutorials and practicals, as well as supervised study in, for example, learning centres and workshops. † You will find that study centres vary on the exact format for delivery of the Assessment for each unit is by study programme. Additionally CIPS examination with the exception of the would recommend that you also Improving supply chain performance commit 80 hours per unit of selfwhen there is a choice for students in study, including wider reading of the the UK.

The Salem Witch Trials. 1692 free essay sample

A chronicle of the events that led up to the Salem Witch trials and a synopsis of the trials and the people involved. This paper chronicles the witch trials of 1692 and argues that the main reasons why the witch trials occurred were conflicts dealing with politics, religion, family, economics, and fears of the citizens. After the investigation, Hawthorne and Corwin decided that the three women were all guilty of witchcraft. They were all taken to a Boston jail, where Sarah Osborne would later die from natural causes. Even after the three women were taken to jail, the accusations still continued in the village.

Free Essays on 1950s

Politics:During the fifties and what was the post WWII period in America, the face of the nation changed greatly under the presidency of Truman and Eisenhower. When WWII ended, Americans were left in the hands of Harry Truman. Truman, known as an aggressive Cold War fighter, led Americans against the rise of Communism. During Truman’s time in office the United States would join South Korea in the war against North Korea. Truman would also order the Atomic Energy Committee to develop the hydrogen bomb. You could say Truman went out with a bang as he fired General Douglas MacArthur and sent more U.S. troops to a war that would end with nothing accomplished but dead bodies. General Dwight D. Eisenhower would later step in as president in 1953. As the United States President, Eisenhower or Ike, as the world liked to call him, brought a rush of optimism and better days. Ike did the best job possible to heal the political wounds created during the Truman era. Culture:It was a wonderful time to be alive. After the grim years of the depression the fifties brought a wave of happiness and good times. Girls could be found playing hopscotch, jacks, jumping rope or trying their skill at the hula hoop. Boys played cowboys and Indians. The poodle skirt and pony tail were the usual attire for the girls. The guys on the other hand showed their attitudes with blue jeans worn like James Dean. As far as music wentElvis Presley rocked the fifties with his music hits and good looks. Marilyn Monroe was a premier sex symbol of the decade. The new excitement of this decade brought expansion and created new jobs as Americans began spending money on luxuries and other things besides their basic needs.... Free Essays on 1950s Free Essays on 1950s Politics: During the fifties and what was the post WWII period in America, the face of the nation changed greatly under the presidency of Truman and Eisenhower. When WWII ended, Americans were left in the hands of Harry Truman. Truman, known as an aggressive Cold War fighter, led Americans against the rise of Communism. During Truman’s time in office the United States would join South Korea in the war against North Korea. Truman would also order the Atomic Energy Committee to develop the hydrogen bomb. You could say Truman went out with a bang as he fired General Douglas MacArthur and sent more U.S. troops to a war that would end with nothing accomplished but dead bodies. General Dwight D. Eisenhower would later step in as president in 1953. As the United States President, Eisenhower or Ike, as the world liked to call him, brought a rush of optimism and better days. Ike did the best job possible to heal the political wounds created during the Truman era. Culture: It was a wonderful time to be alive. After the grim years of the depression the fifties brought a wave of happiness and good times. Girls could be found playing hopscotch, jacks, jumping rope or trying their skill at the hula hoop. Boys played cowboys and Indians. The poodle skirt and pony tail were the usual attire for the girls. The guys on the other hand showed their attitudes with blue jeans worn like James Dean. As far as music wentElvis Presley rocked the fifties with his music hits and good looks. Marilyn Monroe was a premier sex symbol of the decade. The new excitement of this decade brought expansion and created new jobs as Americans began spending money on luxuries and other things besides their basic needs....

Human Service Manager Exercise Paper Reinforce, Refer, Release Essay

Human Service Manager Exercise Paper Reinforce, Refer, Release - Essay Example Since he has also accepted that he did feel attracted to one of the clients, he could be asked the following questions: 4. These questions will open up the discussion with him giving adequate reasons to find out and identify why Tom behaved in that specific way. This would only help in identifying the cause of the problem. This might help Tom to sort out his problem in due course. 5. However, even if the cause of the problem is identified, it might hardly help the agency to do its business. There is no reason how a person who gets easily attracted to a female client could possibly change. This is possibly the reason why the recommendation of release has been made for this particular staff member. 6. An attitudinal change in the behavioral pattern of the person cannot be obtained under normal circumstances. What is required would be a prolonged assistance in behavior of the person which would ensure that the person does not lose his decent talking before the members of the opposite sex. 2. One of the issues that are faced by her is that she does not complete her logs in a proper and timely way. This happens because of the lack of professional support to her and in guiding her on the good tides writing logs could bring. 3. 3. Since her experience is only for two years, the level of knowledge that has been gathered by her does not provide her with confidence and the requirement to cater to all the requirements. This along with the point number 2 implies

Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st Dissertation

Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st century - Dissertation Example es and trade press conducted and published (Manninen 2004; Taulavuori 2005; Salmela 2004; Karjaluoto & Leppaniemi 2005; Barnes 2002; Leppaniemi & Karjaluoto 2005; and Salo and Tahtinen 2005). Mobile communication channels is being viewed as the next frontier in achieving customer relation as mobile phone companies seek to market themselves through the mobile devises (Barnes and Scornavacca 2004; Facchetti et al. 2005; Denk & Hackl 2004; Kalakota and Robinson 2002; Varshney 2003; and Wang and Wang 2005). For the mobile phone manufacturers, it is not just a matter of providing a hand held device but ensuring that they provide a device that is able to provide various related benefits such as instant connectivity, increased convenience, and personalization of services. Phone manufacturers have to ensure that their devices are able to meet user's needs, such as provision of a platform that is able to support, m-commerce applications and other applications that is able to provide them with unforgettable experience. Despite the fact that increased studies have shown the benefits of mobile commercial communication, most businesses have not been able to recognise the importance of ensuring that their mobile devises are integrated with mobile communication devices that can help increase their client base and hence increased profitability. This research is intended to provide a platform for mobile phone manufacturer and users especially those that hope to increase their relationship on the business to consumer relation to be able to recognise the mobile devises produced are able to provide increased benefits to consumers and as a result, increase sales of their products and services and hence profitability. 1.1Research Objectives The main objective of the research is to help...Mobile device market is growing at a phenomenon pace. By the year 2008, Apple sold 4 million iPhones a figure, that was translated to almost 20,000 iPhones sold every day. At the same time, it was r eported that by the year ending 2007, the total percentage of web browsing on iPhone was at 0.12% of all browsing in the market. Apple’s iPhone has changed the game for many users browsing the web on a mobile device. Web developers can now create functionally rich and visually appealing applications that run within the iPhone’s version of the Safari Mobile web browser. As shown in the chart below, in the year 2012, according to International Data Corporation (IDC), in their worldwide mobile phone tracker survey, Apple has become the third largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world. This was attributed to the company’s strong launch of the iPhone 4S was listed as the primary reason that the company leapfrogged over competitors LG and ZTE in the fourth quarter of 2011. Nokia still retained its spot as the leader in mobile phone shipments due to its worldwide distribution and manufacturing presence, with Samsung emerging as the number two manufacturer, with its Android smartphone line and new Windows Phone smartphones helping the company sell more than 300 million phones in 2011. Other mobile phones that dominated included Korean LG and Chinese vendor ZTE. More significantly increase in sales was witnessed with most of the consumers, moving from low-cost feature phones to increasingly powerful smartphones that include Android and Windows Ph one-powered smartphones.

Experiment to Study Conservation of Energy

Experiment to Study Conservation of Energy Conservation of Energy Osamah Nuwisser Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to study the conservation of energy. We considered all type of energies present in our system (KE and PE) to compute total energy at any instant during the experiment. We accomplish two tasks: first we verified the conservation of total energy during single step of the movement of the glider over the ramp and then we compared total energy of several consecutive up and down motions to check whether the collision of glider with the bumper at the lower end of the ramp was elastic or inelastic. For first task, we found that kinetic energy increases as potential energy decreases during downward motion of the glider but the total energy remains almost constant. For the second task, we found that the total energy of each step was less than that of the preceding one. This tells us that the collision between the glider and the bumper was inelastic due to which we have a net energy loss. We also increased height and mass of the glider and found that as a cons equence the coefficient of restitution decreases. Arbitrariness of PE is also described. Introduction: According to the law of energy conservation: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; however it can be converted from one form of energy to the other. Also, we know that energy is conserved in elastic collision. Obviously, a loss in energy during a collision will imply that the collision was inelastic. In this experiment, we accomplished two tasks in which were able to verify/use the two mentioned facts. For the first task, we simply observed that during the first downward motion of the glider the total energy remained constant throughout the motion. Also, in our system there are only two types of energy involved: kinetic energy and potential energy. Thus Therefore, for the total energy to remain constant it is necessary that the kinetic energy increases as the potential energy decreases due to downward motion of the glider. This can easily be observed if we plot the three curves, total energy, kinetic energy and potential energy, in one graph for downward motion of the glider. For the second task, we recorded the same data for a few consecutive upward and downward motions of the glider. By comparing the amount of total energy for each step, we can tell whether the collision between the glider and the bumper was elastic or inelastic. If the total energy of each step is less than that of its preceding step, the collision is inelastic. Coefficient of Restitution:- For our case, it is defined as Its value can be in [0, 1]. In case of 0 the glider will be at rest after collision, in case of 1 the collision will be elastic. For intermediate values, collision will be inelastic with glider in motion after the collision. Experimental Description: The apparatus consisted of a glider which was moved on a tilted ramp with a bumper at the lower end. This set up was connected to the computer where the appropriate software recorded the required quantities. The glider was kept at the top of ramp at rest. Then it was allowed to move under gravity. It moved until it reached near the ground level where it hit the bumper and was reversed to move up the ramp where it stopped at certain height and then moved down again and so on. We stoped the data storage in the computer after about 10s. We repeated the experiment two time varying height and then mass. We took 3 readings in each case. Figure i: An Experimental Set -up Data and Analysis: Run 24: 2014-10-30 17:08:53 Figure ii: Position, Velocity Energy vs Time Data of position, velocity and energy (total, kinetic and potential) was plotted in the computer by the software against time (see figure ii above). PE was defined to be zero on ground level. For first task, we need to examine the variation of energy during first 2.5s. In start, PE is the maximum and KE is zero. As the glider moves down on the ramp, PE decreases and KE increases gradually. But we see that PE is not zero at its minimum. This non-zero minimum value is the value of the PE at the small height when it collides with the bumper. Figure iii: A Comparison of KE, PE ME We also find that the total energy is not conserved at the point of collision where we see a loss in total energy (annihilation of energy). For second task, we compare the values of the total mechanical energy for each cycle with that of the preceding one. It is evident from the graph of energy that this energy decreased suddenly after each collision. Thus the collision was inelastic. Also, we can see from the previous graphs that total energy of the glider was zero at certain instant after collision; the glider collided with the bumper, imparted its all (kinetic) energy to the bumper and came to the rest. Then bumper shifted a fraction of this energy to the glider in form of KE forcing it to move in the opposite direction (up the ramp). To read total energy as zero at certain point, we can construct the following simplest case. Consider the glider to be at rest at a height from the ground on the ramp (say 80cm). Obviously, KE is zero. We define the origin at this point. So its height w.r.t. origin becomes zero. Now we measure PE with reference to the same point (because of arbitrariness of PE) which becomes . Thus the total energy at this point is zero. As far as the conservation of energy is concerned, that is satisfied because we have defined origin at the highest point. As the glider moves down the ramp, value of h becomes negative. This negative value of PE annihilates the positive value of KE that is produced due to increasing velocity. Thus the total energy remains zero. Another way of doing the same is to define PE to be zero at the highest point, measure height as positive and add a minus sign with the formula for the PE in the equation of the total energy. To study the variation in the coefficient of restitution, we chose two continuous parameters: height and mass of the glider. We took 3 readings because the tendency of increasing/decreasing should not be study by taking the minimum possible, 2, readings due of the possibility of error. The data is given in the following table. Table 1 The following plot shows coefficient of restitution vs height. Figure iv: Coefficient of Restitution vs Height Second and third readings show that the coefficient of restitution decreases with increasing the height. But the first two readings tell the reverse. However, by considering the error bars of first two points we can conclude that: â€Å"Coefficient of restitution decreases with increasing height.† The following plot shows coefficient of restitution-mass vs mass. Figure v: Coefficient of Restitution Mass vs Mass This tells us clearly that: â€Å"Coefficient of restitution decreases with increasing mass.† Results and Conclusion: For task 1: we have found that total energy remains constant during the motion of the glider until the collision occurs. Thus law of conservation is verified and its limitation (inelastic collision) is found. For task 2: By comparing the total energy before collision with the total energy after collision, we conclude that the collision is inelastic. Also, we showed that by using the arbitrariness of the value of PE we can set the total energy of a sliding object to be zero. By varying two continuous parameters mass of the glider and initial height of the glider, we found that increasing any one of them leads to a decrease in the value of coefficient of restitution. Since smaller value of coefficient of restitution means greater loss of energy, we conclude that: by increasing height or by increasing mass, more energy is lost during the collision. The physical reasoning behind this conclusion can be understood. In both the cases, increasing height or increasing mass, the maximum PE (mgh) increases. This entire maximum PE becomes maximum KE just before the collision. Thus more energy is lost during the collision. References: Air Track and Cart (1996). Available from: [Online] http://demo.physics.uiuc.edu/LectDemo/scripts/demo_descript.idc?DemoID=110 Energy Conservation on an Incline. Available from: [Online] http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/ie.cfm Coefficient of Restitution (2014). Available from: [Online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_restitution

Corruption of Corporations in Oryx and Crake Essay

In Oryx and Crake, Margaret Atwood illustrates a dystopian world where human beings and numerous hybrids organisms coexist. The setting is drawn in the future and Atwood foreshadows that some animals will go extinct and in order to fill up some gap in the food chain, human will have to fill the gap with modified organisms. Moreover, she suggests several interesting ideas about what she thinks might happen in the future. For example, she suggests that apocalypse will occur in the future and how our technology will be more advanced. The author is trying to figure what would happen in the future, but there is one thing in Oryx and Crake that is already seen in current society which will definitely happen in the future as well. And that one thing is corruption of corporations. There are several corporations in the novel and these corruptions begin at the corporations and infiltrate the entire society to cause a never ending cycle that hurts everyone. Therefore, this essay will discuss ho w corruption of corporations ultimately leads to destruction and instability of social structures at societal and individual levels. First, there are four major corporations in the society of Oryx and Crake that must be introduced and discussed. OrganInc and Rejoovesence are two main biomedical corporations seen in the story. OrganInc is a company that created pigoons which contained specific human organs, so that the transplants could be done easier and quicker. Another similar corporation is Rejoovesence and this company specialized also in bio engineering and where Crake held power in. Also, Rejoovesence created Crakers instead of pigoons. Both bioengineering corporations were corrupted in the novel because they tried to make profit or benefit towards themselves through spreading disease. AnooYoo and HelthWyzer are two main pharmaceutical corporations that are also very corrupted. AnooYoo is a company where there is â€Å"a collection of cesspool denizens who existed for no other reason than to prey on the phobias and void the bank accounts of the anxious and the gullible† (247). HelthWyzer is another ph armaceutical corporation which controls the compound and also manufactures pill and many other pharmaceutical products. These two pharmaceutical corporations also became corrupted because instead searching for a new cure for sicknesses; they put a new virus or bug in order to get the citizens to buy more products from the corporations. â€Å"They put the hostile bioforms into their vitamin pills – their HelthWyzer over-the-delivery system – they embed a virus inside a carrier bacterium, E. coli splice, doesn’t get digested, bursts in the pylorus, and bingo! Random insertion, of course, and they don’t have to keep on doing it – if they did they’d get caught, because even in the pleeblands they’ve got guys who could figure it out. But once you’ve got a hostile bioform started in the pleeb population, the way people slosh around out there it more or less runs itself. Naturally they develop the antidotes at the same time as they’re customizing the bugs, but they hold those in reserve, they practice the economics of scarcity, so they’re guaranteed high profits.† (211). This quote shows that pharmaceutical companies inject bacteria inside the pills, so that when people get sick, they can buy the antidote to the injected bacteria. From this cycle, the corporations are able to make a lot of profit. As presented, these corporations are corrupted and only cared to benefit from individuals of the society. However, corporations should act as organizations that help in securing the society. Second, to evaluate how corrupt corporations affect the society, the social structure has to be examined. In the society, the power of government is lacking, so the corporations are the ones with the most power. There are two classes within the society of Oryx and Crake: compounds and pleeblands. Compounds are the areas where higher classes inhabits and in order to be separated from the outer world through building a high wall around the area and CorpSeCorps security guards to protect the citizen who live in the compounds. Due to the long period of separation form the outer world, the citizens in the compounds got the idea that the other citizen from outer world cannot become like them and will only bring down the society. As mentioned above, the compounds are influenced by the corruption of the corporations since they are taking medicines injected with new bacteria. Then, they will have to spend lots of money to buy the antidote. Just because of the corporation’s greed, many people suffered from the bacteria. Also, since there is no way to stop the corporations, they can do whatever they want just to benefit themselves. The other area that was presented in Oryx and Crake is pleeblands. Pleeblands are the outer world which compounds do not bother cooperating with. Due to the segregation of importance or wealth, the citizens in pleeblands do not get enough education. â€Å"Despite the fingerprint identity cards now carried by everyone, public security in the pleeblands was leaky: there were people cruising around in those places who could forge anything and who might be anybody, not to mention the loose change – the addicts, the muggers, the paupers, the crazies. (27). Even the pleeblands were affected by the corruption of corporations because due to their greed, the area of pleeblands became poorer as time passed. Due to the desperation of the plebian, people from the compounds had a possibility which led to many dangers, murder, smuggle, and much more. Last, in order to provide a better illustration, three characters will be closely looked at: Oryx, Crake, and Jimmy. Oryx is a mysterious figure in the novel because her real name. Also, her past was not very clear when compared with the pasts of Oryx and Jimmy. She was influenced by the corruption because due to the corruption or Rejoovesence, she died. The other character who also was affected was Jimmy. He was mentioned as Snowman, who goes and talks about the past and the present and is a literary person. He is affected by the corporations because he had a lot of trouble surviving through the modified organisms that were made by the corporation. For example, Jimmy went through a lot of trouble to get away from pigeons (269~271). Crake is Jimmy’s best friend and unlike Jimmy, he has good knowledge of science. When he was little, he was aware that the corporations in the society were beginning to corrupt.†As soon as they start doing art, we’re in trouble† (361). This quote shows that if the corporations corrupt in arts, many people will suffer while the corporations gain benefit. The citizens knew about the corruption, but took no action and went back to their usual routine. However, Crake did not follow his routine instead he created perfect humans, Crakers. In conclusion, the greed of companies lead to corrupted business models and this eventually put the society and individuals in danger. Atwood takes a dim view of corporations in her novel, Oryx and Crake. The four major corporations only cared about making gains that would only benefit their companies. This caused these corporations to become corrupted and carry on wrongfully. Such corruption infiltrated to individual levels as exemplified through Oryx, Crake, and Jimmy. Therefore, they must be clear without any corruption because as this essay showed, it will be reflected in individuals living in that society. Work cited Atwood, Margaret. Oryx and Crake: a novel. New York: Nan A. Talese, 2003

Entrepreneurship Education as the Emerging Trend in Pakistan Essay

For the developing world, the emerging trend is entrepreneurship education in itself. It is significant and considered a powerful tool for propelling economic growth, as significant as venture capital and incubators. The youth today is exposed to a world of information and rapid change. He is prone to be the captain of his ship more than ever before. Hence the objective is to create awareness of trends and issues being faced in Entrepreneurship Education programs and see how Pakistan can gain from the experience of the developed world. It is also the objective to see how programs have to be designed for teaching and learning by the new generation of the future. The research methodology has been to examine relevant literature of other regions and compare this to the work done in Pakistan. Its been observed that it has acquired its own field of research methodology and finally is a standalone discipline, with ample work to show its breath and depth. Our finding is that it’s going to be a different world, calling for planning for a world unknown? Our conclusion is that it is significantly important to make the youth of today gainfully employed after imparting education to them. And Pedagogy is one of the issues that deserve attention in the Entrepreneurship Education. It is a question of evolving knowledge and evolving pedagogy to impart knowledge. Local experience and theory has to be evolved building the subject. Developing countries will have a host of issues far different from the developed countries. Education policy will play very significant role to resolve these issues. The authors conclude with suggestions that there is now a need to develop theory of entrepreneurship education based on the education theory and not on the theory of management and economics. There should be all out effort to build the ‘entrepreneurship capital’ and to give it central place in the education place. Keywords:Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Generation, Pedagogy, Entrepreneurship Capital Entrepreneurship Education as the Emerging Trend in Pakistan: Confronting the Issues I. Introduction: a. Background: The field of entrepreneurship education is in the process of growing and gaining legitimacy and being recognized in the developing countries. In Pakistan it has been an up-hill task and despite efforts it is still an unknown academic field. But it is somewhat different in USA and in Europe and Japan. There it has recognition and there it has immense recognition as an important factor to keep pace with the economic growth and change required for economic efficiency. It is nurtured to impact the economies of the ‘technological tripod’ of economic growth. No doubt USA leads the way but European Council through the Lisbon Proclamation 2000 had launched itself in pursuit of economic growth through Entrepreneurship. The then President of EC committed the European Union to become the Entrepreneurship Leader as it was acknowledged that new economic growth, and productivity is generated by entrepreneurial activity (as cited by Audretch 2008). The statement is proclamation of the significance and importance of Entrepreneurship for economic development. In pursuit of entrepreneurship what is required is Entrepreneurship Education and the observation is that the trail it leaves behind is host of the emerging trends and issues which need to be examined and evaluated and worked out. Entrepreneurship Education is the path and road to developing an enterprising environment, building ‘social capital’ and ‘Entrepreneurship Capital’. â€Å"This refers to institutions, culture, and historical context that is conducive to the creation of new firms. This involves a number of aspects such as social acceptance of entrepreneurial behavior – – – – the activity of bankers, venture capital agents – – – – – â€Å"(Audretsch 2008). The rationale of this paper evolve around the spirit of these terms and the process of evolving this capital is entrepreneurship education. The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of entrepreneurship education in the light of compelling evidence surrounding us that it produces an enterprising society or ‘The Entrepreneurial Society’ and economic development. There is significant evidence about the impact of entrepreneurship on economic development (Wennekers et al 2005, Verheul & Thurik 2003, Caree et al 2002, Audretsch et al 2006). â€Å"The way entrepreneurial activity has an effect on economy is that it is reflected in the macro-economic growth, value addition, employment generation, export growth, industrialization and poverty reduction†. (Wagha 2010) Entrepreneurship in the last two decades has achieved a central place in all recent discourse and debate and policymaking on education. There is a need for appropriate educational program at all academic institutions, universities, business schools and secondary schools. â€Å"So significant is the role of Entrepreneurship Education that it is considered a powerful tool for propelling economic growth as significant as venture capital and incubators†. A look at policy on education recently framed in different countries around the world reveal that there is emerging need to focus on entrepreneurship education and research. (Lee & Wong 2005, Khan 2006) We realized through this research that there is a need to look at Entrepreneurship Education from the teaching and learning perspective. And of importance is how Entrepreneurship Education should be taught and the paradigm of research should be education and not merely economic and management. Bechard & Gregoire (2002). It was also observed through empirical research and interviews that there is also the need to focus on the faculty of Entrepreneurship Education. There is an acute shortage of such teachers who are well versed in the pedagogy of Entrepreneurship Education. And according to Dr. Hasan Sohaib Murad, Rector, University of Management and Technology Pakistan (while addressing the audience at a Junior World Entrepreneurship Forum Pakistan (July 2011) : â€Å"The problem is our faculty, those who are teaching in business school today. They are teaching in business schools because they were not entrepreneurs. The other factor that has to be taken in consideration is the role of entrepreneurship in economic development. According to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) entrepreneurship and economic development are exclusively mutual â€Å"GEM is based on the following premise. An economy’s prosperity is highly dependent on a dynamic entrepreneurship sector. This is true across all stages of development. Yet the nature of this activity can vary in character and impact. Necessity-driven entrepreneurship, particularly in less developed regions or those experiencing job losses, can help an economy benefit from self-employment initiatives when there are fewer work options available. More developed economies, on the other hand, can leverage their wealth and innovation capacity, yet they also offer more employment options to attract those that might otherwise become entrepreneurs†. (GEM 2010) It goes onto explain that the capacity of an economy is dependent upon highly competent individuals and positive societal perception about entrepreneurs. â€Å"An economy’s entrepreneurial capacity requires individuals with the ability and motivation to start businesses, and requires positive societal perceptions about entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship should include participation from all groups in society, including women, a range of groups and education levels and disadvantaged populations. Finally, high-growth entrepreneurship is a key contributor to new employment in an economy, and national competitiveness depends on innovative and cross-border entrepreneurial ventures†. (GEM 2010) b. Objectives of the Study: So significant is the role of entrepreneurship that the developed countries are perusing it by adopting new educational policies and by introducing strategies to create an ‘Entrepreneurship Capital’. For the developing world that has lagged behind, this is a wakeup call. Therefore the Objective is: to be aware of the issues and see how Pakistan can gain from the experiences of the developed world and evolve a suitable strategy for implementing entrepreneurship education effectively. It is assumed that, some of the best practices if disseminated will have an impact. c. Justification: As can be seen that it is essential for all developing countries and Pakistan in particular to undertake various studies pertaining to entrepreneurship, simply because this era of entrepreneurship is as potent as the era of Industrial Revolution. It has the potential for developing countries to catch-up with Developed Countries if the national economic agendas are prudently organized. d. Statement of the Problem: However some issues surrounding Entrepreneurship Education are: How should entrepreneurship education courses be designed, what should be the structure of courses? What should be the balance between activity based and text based teaching? What should be the ethical domain, and what disciplines would fall in the entrepreneurial ambit of subject? What pedagogy would be considered appropriate to teach entrepreneurship? In the midst of this expansion of courses, these emerge as a challenge how to make teaching entrepreneurship effective. Years of research and considerable debates has dispelled earlier doubts that entrepreneurship cannot be taught, and it was Drucker (1985) who said, â€Å"like other disciplines it can be taught†. But the emerging trend of Entrepreneurship Education is compounded by such factors as IT revolution and globalization. The youth today is exposed to a world of information and rapid change. He is prone to be the captain of his ship as he sees opportunities far beyond his imagination. He can evaluate the advantage of going for his own venture. He can see that Entrepreneurship is about change and competition, changing in its wake markets and ushering in technologies that entrepreneurship binds as the ‘social glue’ high-tech and ‘main street’ activities (SBA 1998). e. Research Question: Therefore the research question that we will attempt to find answer to is: – 1. What issues and trends are being faced by Pakistan in Entrepreneurship Education and what adoption is required to benefit from this trend? II (a)Research Methodology: My goal is to determine the current status of the subject, by looking at the theory based on the published articles of other regions by leading authorities such as Bechard, Audretch Fayolle, Dana, Plaschka, Hindle & Kuratko. This will help guide future research, but beyond literature review, I also recorded empirical findings and interviews and survey of literature to see the emerging trends in Entrepreneurship Education in Pakistan. The literature reviewed has been some grey literature and some conference papers as these were very current and contemporary thinking on emerging issues and trends. Furthermore the research has been enhanced by visiting foreign conferences for gathering data at doctoral seminars in Europe and America on Entrepreneurship Education. In that sense this is rather epistemological analysis of educational theories and reports on Entrepreneurship Education Trends and Issues. But the problem encountered was that there is not much data available on this subject in Pakistan. This paper therefore undertakes the qualitative approach based on survey, interviews and literature review of this region and of the academic body that has taught the subject and also of others who have written papers on the status of Entrepreneurship Education in Pakistan. â€Å"Primary data include such facts collected from observation, surveys, and even interviews. When secondary data are unavailable and our research questions are unanswered, we have to collect data from primary sources. This proves useful because they are collected specifically for the particular study† (Ghauri & Gronhaug 2002). This is obvious in the case of Pakistan where there is no secondary data on this subject. The investigation attempts to determine differences between the developed and developing countries, describing conditions that already exist, (Say in Pakistan) and why conditions in European and America are different from it. The collection of data is ongoing and eventually synthesized and conclusions are drawn. II (b)Limitation: The fundamental limitation is that hardly any journals are available in Pakistan on Entrepreneurship Education. No doubt that recent support provided by HEC for library data bases and resource centres has been greatly useful. The other fundamental handicap that the Pakistani researchers or students seeking to adopt this as their subject of specialization would face is lack of faculty. Currently there is no known or accessible faculty available in Pakistan having a PhD Degree in Entrepreneurship Education. Hence there are no doctorates of Entrepreneurship Education available to supervise or act as advisers to students desiring to do a PhD in Entrepreneurship. III. Literature Review: Discussing the Definition of Entrepreneurship Education as Emerging Trend: The subject of entrepreneurship education begins with the entrepreneur. The study of the Entrepreneur goes beyond the study of the characteristic and the traits of the entrepreneur which is the psychological profile. The entrepreneur is part of the complex process of new venture creation (Gartner 1988). And new venture creation is new economic growth which brings the importance of entrepreneurship and the education process for developing entrepreneurs. Say (1816) defined the entrepreneur as the economic agent. Hence the entrepreneur is one of the dimensions of economic growth. If we were to examine the quotation by Cole (1946) we realize that this unleashes a host of issues and trends associated with entrepreneurship and the promotion of Entrepreneurship Education. Cole (1946, p.3) states that Entrepreneur is one who â€Å"Unites all means of production – the labor of the one, t he capital or the land of the others – and who finds in the value of the products which results from their employment the reconstitution of the entire capital that he utilizes, and the value of the wages, the interest, and the rent which he pays, as well as the profits belonging to himself†. This statement explains the process of new venture creation which the entrepreneur is prone to do. It is a complete picture of the role which an entrepreneur performs as an economic player in an economy. Whereas the behavioral view of entrepreneur defines the entrepreneur as a very special person but calling for investigation to understand and define Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship. They even cropped up when Gartner (1988) examined in what way do we define the Entrepreneur. According to him since the entrepreneur causes entrepreneurship you could explain Phenomenon of Entrepreneurship through traits approach or explain Phenomenon of Entrepreneurship through Behavioral approach. Subsequently this leads to disseminating the knowledge of entrepreneurship education. We are once again confronted with trends to adopt in Entrepreneurship Education and issues to deal with to establish the infrastructure of Entrepreneurship Education e.g. there is no evidence to support successful or unsucc essful leaders. The new trend is to focus on behavior of the leader. What they do as a leader, and not on what they are, and this aptly applies to research on entrepreneurship and hence the definition which explains and determines for us what influences behavior and performance which define entrepreneurship. (Van de Ven 1980 p.86) We have been amply warned that we should study the behaviors and activities of entrepreneurs. This brings us to the performance of an entrepreneur, the dynamism by which he proceeds as an entrepreneur and hence we call it entrepreneurship. We have come to realize that entrepreneurship can be enhanced by entrepreneurship education. Hence our question is what is entrepreneurship education. According to Bechchard & Toulouse (1998) the definition of Entrepreneurship Education is â€Å"A collection of formulized teaching that informs trains and educates anyone interested in participating in social economic development through a project to promote entrepreneurship awareness, business creation or small business development†. Jones & English (2004) define Entrepreneurial Education as: â€Å"Entrepreneurial Education can be viewed broadly in terms of the skills that can be taught and the characteristics that can be engendered in individuals that will enable them to develop new and innovative plans†. The creation of a discipline confronts trends and issues: Therefore the emerging trends and issues are related to multi-dimensional aspect of entrepreneurship education. The gathering of information and knowledge of this aspect is the fundamental activity of research and education to understand the behavioral phenomenon of entrepreneurship (Gartner 1988).Following the line of reasoning if personality traits could define entrepreneurs, the question of education, training and development would seem irrelevant and the foregone conclusion would be that those who possess the requisite traits should be successful entrepreneurs. As that is not the case we seek constantly ways of educating the entrepreneur to behave in a particular way to become successful. The contemplation of this fact has created a series of issues and trends required for the development of entrepreneurship education programs. In our quest for this answer we get a response from Gartner (1988) that we should follow Mintzbe rgs advice. Issues that confront entrepreneurs should be resolved to develop a profound entrepreneurship program along with its multiplicity of dimensions. Each question throws up a new philosophy and search for truth that could be developed into an answer to the issues confronting entrepreneurship education. What roles does the entrepreneur perform in moving information, in making decisions, in dealing with the people? How and why do individuals enter a new venture? The other emerging issue from this kind of reasoning is to what extent is entrepreneurship a science? To what extent is the entrepreneurs work programmable? All such questions resolve the issue of designing new branches of education in the domain of entrepreneurship. These would have to be dealt in accordance to the trends in development, competitiveness, economic growth and resource allocation.

The Idea Of Learning Knowledge And Value From Education

The idea of learning knowledge and value from education had been an important part of our modern society since our Greek ancestors began inquiring. Value is anything that we desire, that we people may benefit from it (Simmons, 1977). People from different part of the world value things differently because of cultural differences. Even though the value of education is important to most people, there are certain values of education that different societies value the most. For instance, some may think of the subject math is important because we use math to calculate things in our everyday lives, while some may think that the subject English is important because we use it to communicate to each other. Educational values between two entirely†¦show more content†¦While both the authoritative values from the Chinese and the lenient values from the Americans are important, both societies value education at the extreme side of the spectrum, and it needs a balance between both to crea te the best education for the future generations. What is educational value? Values are anything that we believe in, whether it could be social, moral, ethical, or even political, are the beliefs that creates our ambition to act for it. The term â€Å"educational value† can be very broad in general, since some societies from a developing country might value it as the most precious thing on earth, and they might think of education is their only way to become successful. The UK Education Reform Act of 1998 stated that education should â€Å"promote the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society†. Meanwhile for the Scottish, the Scottish Consultative Council listed five principles for values of education, from appreciation, to responsibility (Powney at al., 1995). This shows the example of cultures having a different view of educational value, in this case of comparison, the United Kingdom focuses more on development, and while the Scottish focuses on respect. With the respect of cultural differences of the meaning of â€Å"educational value†, there are certain things that teachers and students value more of. In the two surveys made by Powney and others,

Work Life Balance Of Iron Rolling Workers - 3689 Words

Work Life Balance of Bidi Rolling Women Workers of Belwa , Ramnagar in West Champaran District, Bihar Dr Vinita Verma, Assistant professor, Amity, Patna. Abstract: This article provides an insight on the work life balance of Bihar(India) women bidi rolling workers. It highlights the various values, attitudes and beliefs of women regarding job anxiety in their unorganized work procedure. It particularly highlights the balancing of work and personal life of Bidi rolling women workers. Bidi (a handmade cigarette) manufacturing which is more than a century old. It is stills an unorganized sector in India. Ever since the introduction of tobacco cultivation in India, a sizeable segment of women labor force is engaged in production for consumption of tobacco rolled in the form of bidi. The Indian market of smoking tobacco is dominated by bidis, which outsell cigarettes by 10:1 ratio. Women being the threshold of a family, extend their support in earnings for the mobilization of income for their children’s education and better living. Bidi manufacturing is that sector in which the poor and the oppressed, especially rural women folk are exploi ted. The majority of women are working about 90-95 hours per week; the only comfort is that women bidi workers enjoy freedom in the work place and also flexible working hours. Bidi rolling reasonably contributes as an income in the interior regions of Belwa, Ramnagar in West Champaran district of Bihar India, where the study was carried outShow MoreRelatedThe Permanent Impact Of The Industrial Revolution1474 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore it was ready for us to pick up. Why don’t we think about this? Because we have never known life to be any other way. However, it wasn’t always this easy or convenient. People didn’t just wake up one morning to a revolutionized America. 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Identifying The Gender Stereotype Example - 773 Words

To describe the gender stereotype example, I have selected advertisement from the website of coloribus. It is the advertisement of the Johnson Johnson Company to promote the Johnson baby care products. It released on June 2009. It is picturized with the woman with her baby and saying that this company’s baby products are more suitable for the small babies’ skin. I found this ad online Johnson’s baby product advertisements. I have the photo of the advertisement at the end of the writing part. And this is the link for the advertisement: http://www.coloribus.com/adsarchive/promo-casestudy/johnsons-baby-products-johnsons-baby-diaries-15560755/ Gender stereotype is defined as specified roles in the society on the basis of gender. For example, generally women work as nurses, teachers, care takers, when men work as doctors, lawyers, construction workers. Cleaning home is like women’s job, when the work outside home, like farm work, is men’s duty. 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College and Tuition Is it worth It Essay Example For Students

College and Tuition: Is it worth It? Essay Its sad the amount of students not going to collage based on tuition in the United States. Anymore, 47% of junior high and high school student’s parents feel they cant afford college for their kids anymore with the cost of tuition and it still increasing. I feel college tuition is way too high in the United States for most families in todays economy. Over half of the students going into college show some concern with how to pay for college. The amount of college graduate debt is rapidly increasing. Also, the little amount of jobs available because of the high unemployment rate, are having a harder time paying off debt. Even though the students can get loans and financial aid. Although some claim that higher education is still worth it, with higher unemployment rates and tuition is still increasing it makes it harder and harder to pay off. Most states are needing to make a cut in their budget. As a result of this, tuition is rising and major changes to colleges keep happening. Some of these changes are: more students to professors ratio, fewer classes but are bigger, and less jobs on campus that normally help support students pay for college and dorms and housing. The changes can decide whether a student goes to college or not. College tuition can average an increase of 6% a year. The cost of tuition can stop a student from going there dream college or any at all. Also, as a result of the debt that states are in its cut college finance aid. Up to around the 1980s colleges paid for almost 70% of students fees with financial aid. Now it is lower than 40% Phillips2 . .. 19 Nov. 2013. Wikipedia. College Tuition in the United States. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 Mar. 2013. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. Husley, Timothy. The Cost Of, and To, Public Higher Education. Docstoc.com. N.p. , n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.With this one its odd the paragraph where i quote him if you look it up, it brings up cheat essay sites and I know that would look like plagiarism because the real site he typed this on is a private forum site for honor journalist students but i found the document online and heres the link, because i didnt want to get like suspended or anything had to find this link couldnt just leave it at just the quote itself. I found the quote where someone else had quoted it and couldnt find the real thing anywhere besides on like fake essay sites. I finally tracked it down to a site where you could pay to buy the article.

Point of Sale free essay sample

In order to have a successful business, each of its sub departments must have this eagerness to learn new ways of how it will be competitive enough to deal with the ups and downs of the economic world. * Company Profile Dante’s Radiator Enterprises Corporation In 1968, Dante’s Trading began as a trading firm dealing with repair of automotive. Organized by its President Mr. Dante Caguioa, an entrepreneur backed up by skills and sheer confidence. It started as a small shop located at the heart of A. Bonifacio Avenue, the road leading to North Diversion. Since it as located on a busy site, the small shop was improved into a bigger one, for them to accommodate its fast and growing number of customers and clients. Afterwards, the company concentrated on servicing of automotive radiators. From the very first auto radiator, it moved on to making not only Marine radiators, but a fast growing demand for Industrial radiators made the company a name in the automotive service industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Point of Sale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just recently, the company re-entered to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from Single Proprietorship into a Corporation, one sign of the company’s progress. 1. Background of the Study Small businesses are the heart and soul of the entrepreneurial economy. They create, inspire, and fundamentally change people’s lives. However, small business across the globe including here in the Philippines have problems coping up with the fast pace development because of three major aspects, to be exact: management, non-utilization of technology, and sales and marketing strategies. Small business owners tend to be involved in every aspect of their business from being the bookkeeper, marketer, human resources manager, mediator, customer liaison officer and cleaner. They tend to do it all and find it hard to hand over these tasks for the main reason of the frown on spending any money. However, many fail to realize that if they invest their money wisely in accessing the right type of goods and services to grow their business and be more effective, they will see positive changes occur over time. They can become more productive and profitable. Small business companies tend not to use technology like computers and other productivity tools or if they tend to use it, they are under-utilized because of poor choices or cost effective decisions. However, the utilization of automation is a matter of perspective. Almost all small business have the mindset of not needing it because what they knew is that the process they are doing is already working for them and adapting change would disrupt the operation. Additionally, they are thinking that these tools are just cost effective move; because they do not know how to use it or even their personnel don’t, though they could learn to use it and yield it to their full advantage. For small business the basic automation process would be point of sales system. Sales or ordering system throughout the world has relied on pens and papers. Problems such as missing orders and information sent to the wrong place arise. Furthermore, some could not be able to handle the massive volume of orders. Under the old manual ordering systems, it takes up too much time to process. Here comes point-of-sale system a company’s gateway to valuable information. When a store POS system isn’t able to share valuable information about customers, sales, and operations with other parts of the organization, it can impact the bottom line. Real time ordering and improved efficiency has been the focus of entrepreneurs. As with many business scenarios, getting rid of paper improves efficiency, reduces human error and allows information to flow to an infrastructure without a time consuming data input process. There is also less chance of handwritten orders being misread and a higher customer turnaround as customers will be served faster. Thus, a POS Point-of-sale system is needed. 1. 3 Statement of the Problem 1. What are the tools needed to develop the Point of Sale? . How will the stakeholders assess the developed system? 1. 4 Statement of Objectives 1. 4. 1 General * Create a POS System that will fit the need of Dante’s Radiator Company. * To simplify the accounting and record-keeping tasks involved in business. 1. 4. 2 Specific 1. To develop a system using the following tools: a. VB. Net b. MSAccess c. Adobe Photoshop 2. To develop a system to be evaluated by the stakeholders in terms of the following: a. Speed b. Accuracy c. Reliability d. Efficiency e. Security 1. 5. Scope and Limitation This Point of Sale system provides log-in process for security purposes and only admin can control the maintenance of the system as well as the process. The main control of the admin is on items; only admin can add, edit and remove item/s. The other access will be for the cashier, he/she can also view the items but unlike the admin he/she is not privileged to manipulate the products inventory. This system will list down all the products the company has. In transaction, the receipt will be filled by inputting the barcode of the product then it automatically displays the item name and the price. When you input the same barcode, it will also be automatically counted and the price will be computed based on how many products were bought. In settings, we can select which printer is available and where we want our receipt to be printed. It also includes the dimension of the receipt and the size of the font. Once it was on the print view we cannot remove or add an item in the receipt else we go back to Fill Receipt tab. We also cannot save the filled receipt unless we select a printer. The system also counts the receipt or transaction held in a particular day by the receipt no. s primary key. The printed receipt will show the receipt number for that day, receipt date, item, price, quantity, sum of each product based on their quantity and the most important the total amount. SECTION II 2. 1 Review of Related Literature 2. 1. 1 Foreign * History of POS Point of Sale Over the years, more enhancements were made to the cash registers until the early 1970s, when the first computer-drive n cash registers were introduced. The first computer-driven cash registers were basically a mainframe computer packaged as a store controller that could control certain registers. These point of sale systems were the first to commercially utilize client-server technology, peer-to-peer communications, Local Area Network (LAN) backups, and remote initialization. In the late 1980s, retail software based on PC technology began to make its way into mainstream retail businesses. Today, retail point of sale systems are light years ahead of where they began. Todays POS systems are faster, more secure, and more reliable than their predecessors, and allow retailers to operate every facet of their business with a single, integrated point of sale system. (*http://www. retailsystems. com/history-of-retail-pos-systems. fm*, July 28, 2009) * 7 reasons to switch to a point-of-sale system If youre a veteran retailer, you know the problem: Your inventory doesnt match your tallies. Sales are going unrecorded. Your staff is spending far too much time chasing mistakes instead of tending to customers Something is seriously wrong, and youre just not sure what the problem is. These a nd other snafus suggest that its time that your business did away with its cash registers and stepped up to a point-of-sale (POS) system, such as Microsoft Dynamics Retail Management System and Microsoft Dynamics Point of Sale (POS) . A POS system is a computer software and hardware network that records sales as theyre occurring; it solves a variety of operational and record-keeping headaches. If you need more proof, here are seven signs that your business could boom with a point-of-sale system. 1. Your sudden shrink no longer goes undetected. POS systems such as Retail Management System are designed to immediately record any and all sales. Not only does that mean timely and accurate sales tracking, but a POS system also lets you readily identify inventory levels, particularly when what you have on the books doesnt jibe with actual stock. You see it with the onset of sudden shrink—when you realize that inventory is missing or your numbers just never seem to match up, says John Rarrick of RBS Inc. , a Nyack, N. Y. , consulting concern specializing in startups and small businesses. Almost every modern POS has a receiving and inventory module that, when used properly, can help pinpoint the cause of the shrink. 2. Markdown management is much easier. A common land mine for many small to medium-sized businesses is price reduction—knowing which items have been marked down and recording those discounts accordingly. Rather than wrestling with cash-register receipts at days end, a POS automates the process of introducing markdowns and, in turn, tracking them accurately. The trends in POS are not just inventory accuracy but the use of pricing models to allow for markdown management, says Gary Ruffing, senior director of retail services for BBK Ltd. , a business advisory firm in Southfield, Mich. 3. Promotions can be tracked more successfully. A similar dynamic holds true with promotions. Whether through coupons, special discounts or other vehicles, promotions can be central to attracting and retaining business. Trouble is, managing and reconciling short-term specials—not to mention pinpointing their impact—can be nigh impossible without the automation and immediacy of a point-of-sale system. Many small retailers invest in things such as direct home marketing, Rarrick says. At the end of the promotion, those with manual cash registers are hard pressed to tell you how successful the promotion was. The POS store can pretty much tell you to the penny how they did. 4. You can maintain control in absentia. You may be surprised to discover that you actually run two businesses: one when youre there and its evil twin when you dont happen to be around. Many operations suffer in employee efficiency and customer service when the boss is away. Automating a host of functions via a POS can help boost those areas, no matter where the head honcho happens to be. You simply cant be there all the time, says Jim Melvin, chief executive officer of Siva Corp. , a Delray Beach, Fla. , company which provides point-of-sale systems to restaurants. A POS lets you have that important level of control when youre not there. 5. Your prices are consistent from one location to the next. Nothing can prove more embarrassing than having a customer question why one item has one price at one store, yet a different price at another. If your business operates at more than one location, a point-of-sale system ensures pricing consistency. Even better, a POS system automates overall inventory control, helping to keep stoc ks in proper balance depending on demand and other factors, which can vary from one location to the next. It really lends itself to a better overall customer experience—the sorts of things a customer expects when he walks through the front door, says Melvin. 6. You get many tools in a single package. Buying business equipment piecemeal can be pricey. If you find your checkbook wearing thin from the expense of software and other gear, a comprehensive point-of-sale system may include them in a single package. Most POS systems have add-on modules like payroll time clocks and customer preference databases, says Rarrick. That removes the need for small businesses to invest in separate systems for those purposes. 7. You can make better use of your personnel. Little is more maddening to a business owner than watching his or her staff bogged down with inefficient, unproductive responsibilities, from double-checking inventory disparities to seemingly endless cash-register reconciliati on. Perhaps the greatest advantage to a comprehensive point-of-sale network is the freedom it can afford your personnel to devote their energy to what genuinely matters the most: helping customers. A good POS allows you to allocate your human resources to the customer service area of the business, Ruffing says. That means they no longer have to be counting, calculating, ordering, and checking cash-register accuracy. † http://www. microsoft. com/business/en-us/resources/technology/business-software/7-reasons-to-switch-to-a-point-of-sale-system * Importance of computerization COMPUTERS have changed the world of business. They’ve helped increase productivity, improve recordkeeping, reduce paperwork, track sales, and control inventory. They’ve helped people work more efficiently and profitably than ever before. The world is changing and is changing fast. With the globalization of markets, ever-shifting demands of the market, and the growing use of information and communication, small to medium business must learn to compete in order for them to survive. Especially in developing countries which the use and adaptation of technology is very slow;most small to medium businesses still operate with manual or semi-manual accounting systems. Such systems are labour-intensive to maintain, leave plenty of occasions for errors and create opportunities for abuse. It is difficult for managers to be competitive when they must work with outdated or inaccurate information. The use of information and communications technologies can significantly improve results: they can facilitate the collection, analysis, storage and reporting of information much faster and more accurately than could be accomplished using manual systems. Computerization also can help cooperative managers streamline operations, cut operating costs, enlarge their networks of members and affiliated institutions, increase sales and respond to signals from far away markets. Connecting to the global network of the Internet also has its advantages, allowing faster communication with members, partners and clients at a fraction of the cost. Speaking of cost, of course these benefits are not free; there are costs involved. Fortunately, in terms of hardware and software, the costs are relatively low and within reach of most small t0 mid-sized business companies. Yet they are not the only cost. Yet hardware and software costs are not the only costs. There are also â€Å"people-related† expenses to consider. Since the information processing needs of each cooperative are unique, these other expenses will depend on a host of factors, including: Size of the cooperative and volume of operations; Business activity of the cooperative; The type and number of computers and other supporting equipment to be used and The kind of software selected, whether it is commercially available software or Open Source software. There is also the cost of the upkeep and maintenance of the equipment purchased plus the cost of upgrading the software used as new developments occur. Lastly, there is the cost of the training of the people who will use the system, not just the preparatory training at the start but the continued upgrade training of them as new developments and updates in software occur. These â€Å"people-related costs† are usually underestimated and investing on your people is a must in businesses. Companies should realize that benefits do not come as quickly as might be expected. That happens because computerization is more than just a technical issue involving the installation and linking of a few computers and the development or use of appropriate software. It also means changes in work habits and the way people relate to one another; these behavioural and institutional changes cannot easily be predicted or planned for beforehand. They are the result of experimentation and innovation after adoption of the technology, and this can take time. Plus there is this risks just like in any other business initiative, there is also a risks in computerization. There is always something that can go wrong, and if the process is poorly planned and provisions have not been made to cope with the problem, solving it may end up costing the business companies a lot of money. The main way to manage these risks successfully is to plan carefully and adopt a project approach. Below is a table of computerization projects risks and ways to manage them. Risks Ways to manage risk EXTERNAL Electrical power supply is unreliable or erratic. Purchase of an auxiliary electric generator and/or battery-based uninterrupted power supply (UPS) for the cooperative may be required Unreliable fixed line telephone system. May require the purchase of a mobile telephone set-up, if mobile phone service is available in the area Local Internet service provider too expensive and service is poor. Find another less expensive or more reliable service provider. INTERNAL ACCEPTANCE Staff maintaining manual system fear computer will replace them. Explain that computerization can improve business efficiency which can lead to expanded operations and this will require more staff. Provide job re-training to redundant staff to work in new areas. Some staff feels threatened by new technology. Special on-the-job training implemented in a gradual manner may overcome this resistance. PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project objectives not met and member needs not satisfied. Develop a careful project design before starting and be sure to consider users’ needs. Estimate resources with a certain safety margin Define measurable success indicators at each stage of implementation Define scope and cost of project: What problems have to be solved? Does the coop have the resources to solve it? What will the net benefits be? TIME The project took longer than expected. Prepare a detailed work plan with clear milestones indicated and be sure to define target dates for each. COST The project cost more than expectedPlan carefully. Estimate the time required and costs involved with a margin of safety. Make sure that contracts with external service providers specify what has to be done, by when and by whom, along with penalties for missed targets. MAINTENANCE Post-project maintenance costs more than expectedAssess maintenance facilities before implementation. Plan upgrade (growth) of the computer system, both software and hardware Consider subsequent follow-up support requirements and costs, availability of a reliable service provider in the post-project period If computerization is so risky and costly, then why are businesses computerizing? Mainly because they realize that improving the efficiency with which they collect, analyze and use information will help them achieve their business goals. Below are some list of benefits that business companies can gain from computerization. a) Business services and management: Accounting and management: computerization of accounting and administrative records (payroll, invoicing, accountancy, bookkeeping, purchases and sales) and tax requirements (assessment of taxes and duties) reduces paperwork and offers the possibility of keeping updated accounting records in real time. Inventory control: product stock inventory records can be easily updated and additional information on production factors (agrochemicals, fertilizers, machinery, seeds), included. This allows for a better control of stocks, which can mean financial savings. b) Governance and member relations: Administration of member participation and member shares: computerization allows for the automated tracking of each member’s transactions and balances and calculation of his/her patronage refunds and dividends on shares can be quickly done. This improves the quality of service offered to members. examples are salary and shares) Improving member-management relations: automation allows for more frequent and detailed reporting to members by management and provides individual members with easier access to more detailed and current information on their business transactions. Improved communication and information sharing: computerization also broadens communication channels among members, supp liers and consultants, through the publication of contents on Web sites with restricted access (intranets), delivery of news by e-mail, newsgroups and discussion lists for debating subjects of interest, electronic publications, and so on. ) Policy level: Data access: raw data can be stored in digital format and accessed much faster. Using computer systems larger volumes of data can be easily saved and retrieved. Turning data into policy decisions: data can be more easily organized for analysis or presentation to assist in management and policy decision making. For example, cumulative historic production data can be analyzed and future trends projected in order to plan future scenarios. Networked computers allow for multiple analysis of data in an easy way. Optimization of procedures: the logical setup of computer systems leads to a more unified way of doing things, easier compliance with regulatory and/or legal requirements, and better overall quality of the administration. d) Capacity building in business management Learning: training in the use of computers to solve day-to-day cooperative business and member service problems helps in building new abilities in cooperatives’ staff and members. Real time information: it allows for instant access to real business information that can be used to support staff training processes. ) Communicating beyond the boundaries of the business: E-mail, mailing lists, and newsletters: computers, connected via modems to the telephone system and to the Internet, permit the use of e-mail thus facilitating faster, cheaper and easier communication between managers and distant buyers and sellers of the business’ goods and services. Web sites: a business can easily create its own public Web sit e to provide partners, clients, and potential byers and sellers information on the business performance and services. In summary, there are lots of ways in which computer and telecommunications technologies can help small business companies optimize their business results, solve problems, and assist in creating new member services or improving existing ones. Computerizing agricultural cooperatives: A practical guide by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations http://articles. directorym. com/Habits_Of_Unsuccessful_Business_Owners_And_Managers_New_York_NY-r971702-New_York_NY. html 2. 1. 2 Local * LevelUp’s POS Integration Makes Payment a Breeze A tech startup is making it easier for quick-service operators to allow their customers to use mobile payment solutions. LevelUp, which created a customer- and business-friendly mobile payment process for restaurants, recently integrated with MICROS, POSitouch, and Dinerware point-of-sale systems. These three constitute 30 percent of all existing POS systems. This integration allows merchants to choose â€Å"LevelUp† on their POS during payment, and then scan a barcode that LevelUp customers have on their phones to complete payment transactions. When we integrate with a point-of-sale system, we supply [businesses] with just a 2D barcode reader that plugs directly into the POS via USB or serial, and it operates just like when you have a credit-card reader attached to your POS,† says Christina Dorobek, LevelUp’s vice president of partner development. In addition to making transactions faster and easier, Dorobek says LevelUp’s integration with POS systems also makes accounting more seamless and analytics more robust. â€Å"LevelUp, at its most basic, is able to track who your customers are, how often they’re coming in, [and] how much they’re spending,† Dorobek says. And one of the really cool net benefits of the loyalty program—the loyalty campaign that is built in to the system—is we see customers coming back, on average, about 20 percent faster, spending about 7 percent more on an average ticket. So there’re very tangible benefits to a business in terms of being able to grow. † LevelUp services around 300,000 active consumers and about 3,800–4,000 businesses nationwide. Though Dorobek says a majority of quick serves are using LevelUp predominately at the counter, many are also using LevelUp at the drive thru. The company has an open API, so any POS system is welcome to integrate, Dorobek says. She predicts that mobile phone use at quick serves will become a norm as time goes on. â€Å"When I look at the way customers are interacting with businesses, especially quick-service businesses, I think there is definitely a shift to consumers using their mobile phones, not only to pay, but also to check the menu ahead of time †¦ or place an order for pick up,† Dorobek says. â€Å"I think that shift to paying with your phone will be an automatic next step, and obviously is already happening, at least with 300,000 LevelUp users. http://www. qsrmagazine. com/news/levelup-s-pos-integration-makes-payment-breeze 2. 2 Review of Related Systems * CREST POS CREST, (Complete Retail Electronic Sales Terminals) these are Self-contained, single unit, self-installing systems, and are available only through us. CREST units are built in a 12 gauge, powder coated steel case, 16 by 16 attached on a stu rdy steel cash drawer of the same dimensions. Inside the case is an Intel computer with POS and Credit card processing software fully installed, configured and ready to use! The touch screen, thermal receipt printer, magnetic strip reader and barcode scanner are all attached and ready to use. Self-Installing means you literally take the unit out of the packing box and plug it into power and the internet that is it! Complete Retail Express Software is standard, and other supported software is available. Different Hardware and software combinations are also available, contact us for specific information. www. point-of-salesystems. com * DELL POS Dell offers three POS solutions. You can choose from versions for QuickBooks, Cash Register Express or Restaurant Pro Express. These are top-of-the-line POS software applications, and the computers Dell offers with the software are better than most POS systems. Through Dell, you can obtain a POS system with up to 4GB of RAM that is quite capable of running other business software. However, if you need a point of sale system but cant afford to pay too much in out-of-pocket start-up expenses, Dell may be a bit out of your reach. The version with the lowest price starts out at about $3,500. Dell does offer financing for those who would like to set up a payment plan. Through Dell, you can customize the computer and any of the peripherals that come with your POS system package to meet the needs of your business. The company offers multiple options for most equipment. The Dell/QuickBooks retail solution comes standard with a 15-inch flat panel monitor, a compact cash drawer, a barcode scanner, a POS keyboard and a thermal receipt printer. You can add upgrades such as increased RAM and speakers. Dell offers a wide variety of peripherals; however, the company does not provide POS products like kitchen printers, kitchen displays, scales, wireless inventory handhelds or PIN pads. Dell also does not provide tablet or mobile versions of its POS software. Unlike some of the other complete POS systems, the Dell systems are fully functional computers. This means you can access the internet, use office applications such as Word, Excel and PowerPoint and any other software you might consider, including accounting and inventory software. This makes it a practical choice for those who need their system to perform more than one function. Dell hardware comes with a three-year parts-and-labor warranty. If you need technical or customer support, you can contact Dell via phone, email or chat. They have training videos and manuals that you can access to help you get to know how to use their POS system. The POS system information says it comes with Dells Gold Technical support; however, this support service appears to be discontinued. We cannot find a description of this service on Dells website, and the link to the Gold support is a dead link. If you need help with the POS software, the software providers offer that support . pos-systems-review. optenreviews. com 2. 3 Methodology 2. 3. 1 SDLC Implementation Implementation Coding Coding Design Design Analysis Analysis Project Planning Project Planning Testing Testing Maintenance Maintenance SECTION III 3. 1 Description of the Existing System The group had an interview with the company Manager, tackle about their existing system upon getting the orders of the customers for them to start the making of their product, since, they were made -to-order service, and the process of getting the customer’s order needs to be accurate. By then, the company had this system of depending onto pens and papers on their transaction process upon the customers that sometimes lead to some problems: missing order, wrong delivery details, losing of proper information of the products, less security, cannot update easily the total payments made by the customers in the whole day, and lastly the inaccurate computation of bills and inventory of the products itself that could get the company to lost profit. Upon interviewing some personnel, they keep on complaining about their system that it was an old-fashioned type of transaction process where they were all depending on just a sheet of paper that may lost or something, yes they had these computerized transaction using MS Excel 2007 yet it still remains not so organized because redundancy of data occurs. Based on the answers stated by the employees of Dante’s Radiator Enterprises Corporation about the problems encountered by the branch about their current transaction process which is paper and pen dependent, the proponents concluded that the Dante’s Radiator Enterprises Corporation really needs the proposed system. The process of existing system in terms of maintaining the current information of each items are first the checking on the MS Excel 2007 of the current status of the customer, how much is the total sold for each of the items. Second, the cashier will get the payment to the customer then the sold product will be deducted to the total number of stocks of the company. Third, the cashier will save the current changes made to the records. Then lastly, the cashier will issue an Official receipt to the customer as a proof of payment. 3. 2 Use Case Diagram Ordering Sub-System Ordering Sub-System Point of Sale Point of Sale Automation Boundary Automation Boundary Look up for the availability Look up for the availability Create new order Create new order Update Order Update Order Owner Supplier Purchased Sub System Purchased Sub System Point of Sale Point of Sale Automation Boundary Automation Boundary Look up item order Look up item order Update order and price of item Update order and price of item Update Purchased Items Update Purchased Items Customer Cashier 3. 3 Data Flow Diagram of the Existing System (Logical Diagram) 0. 0 Cashier 0. 0 Cashier Customer Customer Customer Customer Purchased Release Product Payment Payment 3. 4 Activity Diagram Section IV 4. 1. Description of the Proposed System Point of Sale System provides businesses with the ability to computerize systematize and correlate retail information where here cash registers have limited information collection capacity. POS systems seek to automate as much of a retailers financial processes as possible. In Dante’s Radiator Company, they manually issue a receipt to their buyers and record it. So we come up to a POS System to help them make their transactions easy as for providing a systemized and automated issuing of receipt. And that is the main objective of our proposed system. Because POS is a part of inventory system, we included the list of all the products and the maintenance of it such as adding, editing and removing through that the products will always be up to date. POS will help the cashier or cash register to easily check for the products. In transaction, the cashier would only have to input the barcode of the product that the customer will buy to the filling of the receipt then add or remove if asked. Then, once it was saved we can now go and print it the way we want it Add product Add product Choose Item Choose Item Issue Receipt Issue Receipt Remove product Remove product 4. 2. Use Case Diagram Filling Receipt Filling Receipt Cancel Transaction Cancel Transaction Print receipt Print receipt 4. 3. Data Flow Diagram (Logical Diagram) Choose Printer Choose Printer Choose Item Choose Item 1. 0 Search Item Barcode 1. 0 Search Item Barcode Issuing of Receipt Issuing of Receipt CUSTOMER CUSTOMER 3. 0 Filling Receipt 3. 0 Filling Receipt 4. 0 Printing Receipt 4. 0 Printing Receipt 2. 0 Record Sales 2. 0 Record Sales CASHIER CASHIER Sales Data Inventory Data 4. 4. Data Dictionary LOGIN ID – primary key, AutoNumber, unique value of each user. Username – text, the user’s access name in the system. Password – text, the hidden characters pass of the user. ITEMS Barcode – primary key, text, the ID of each product of the company. ItemName – text, description of each product. BuyPrice – currency, the amount/price of the product which the company paid to the supplier. SellPrice – currency, company’s price for the product. VALUES Key – primary key, text. Val – text RECEIPTS ReceiptID – primary key, AutoNumber, the unique identifier of the receipt. ReceiptDate – date/time, indicates the time and date the receipt was produce. ReceiptTotal – currency, total amount computed in the receipt. RECEIPT DETAILS ReceiptID – foreign key, number, a connection to the receipt table. Barcode – foreign key, text, a connection to the Items table. ItemCount – number, defines the quantity of each product that was bought. ItemBuyPrice – currency, the buyprice of the product that can be found in the items table. ItemSellPrice – currency, the sellprice of the product that can be found in the items table. 4. 5 Entity Relationship Diagram RECEIPTS| KEY| ReceiptID| PK| ReceiptDate| | ReceiptTotal| | RECEIPT DETAILS| KEY| ReceiptID| FK| Barcode| FK| ItemCount| | ItemBuyPrice| | ItemSellPrice| | ITEMS| KEY| Barcode| PK| ItemName| | BuyPrice| | SellPrice| | VALUES| KEY| Key| PK| Val| | 1 1 4. 6 Form Specifications * PasswordPicker. vb * Form * Size: 299, 163 * Color: Gray * Text: POS System LogIn * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Buttons * Size: 87, 23 * Color: Light Gray * Text: Enter; Exit * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Labels * Size: 58, 13 * Color: Gray * Text: Username; Password * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Combobox * Size: 182,21 * Color: Window Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Textbox * Size: 184,20 * Color: Window * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Main. vb * Form * Size: 703, 476 * Color: Gray * Text: POS System * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * MenuStrip * Size: 687, 24 * Color: Dim Gray * Text: MenuStrip1 * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * AdminToolStripMenuItem * Size: 55, 20 * Color: Dim Gray * Text: Admin * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Ch angePasswordToolStripMenuItem * Size: 168, 22 * Color: Control * Text: Change Password * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * ItemsToolStripMenuItem * Size: 48, 20 * Color: Dim Gray * Text: Items * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif AddItemToolStripMenuItem * Size: 152, 22 * Color: Control * Text: Add Item * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * EditItemToolStripMenuItem * Size: 152, 22 * Color: Control * Text: Edit Item * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * RemoveItemToolStripMenuItem * Size: 152, 22 * Color: Control * Text: Remove Item * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * TabControl * Size: 663, 401 * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * TabPage1 * Size: 663, 401 * Text: Items * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * DGV * Size: 649, 369 * Color: Silver * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * TabPage2 * Size: 663, 401 * Text: Fill Receipt * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif Buttons * Size: 191, 23 * Color: Transparent * Text: Add; Remove; Save Receipt * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Textboxes * Size: 139, 20 * Color: Window * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * DGV2 * Size: 429, 369 * Color: AppWorkspace * TabPage3 * Size: 663, 401 * Text: Settings * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * GroupBox3 * Size: 342, 78 * Color: Transparent * Text: Receipts Printer * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Textbox * Size: 253, 20 * Color: Control * Button * Size: 253, 23 * Color: Transparent * GroupBox6 * Size: 335, 75 * Color: Transparent * Text: Receipt Settings * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Textboxes Size: 61, 20 * Color: Window * GroupBox4 * Size: 342, 197 * Color: Transparent * Text: Sample Data * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * DGV3 * Size: 336, 178 * Color: AppWorkspace * GroupBox5 * Size: 298, 366 * Color: Transparent * Text: Receipt Preview * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * PB * Size: 292, 347 * Color: Light Gray * ChangePassword. vb * Form * Size: 294, 169 * Color: Control * Text: Change Password * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Groupbox1 * Size: 270, 91 * Color: Control * Text: Password Information * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Buttons * Size: 75, 23 * Color : Control * Text: OK; Cancel Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Textbox * Size: 162, 20 * Color: Window * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * AddItems. vb * Form * Size: 398, 242 * Color: Control * Text: Add New Item * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Groupbox1 * Size: 355, 157 * Color: Control * Text: Item Details * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Buttons * Size: 75, 23 * Color: Control * Text: Add; Cancel * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Textbox * Size: 261, 20 * Color: Window * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * EditItems. vb * Form * Size: 386, 233 * Color: Control * Text: Edit Items * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Groupbox1 * Size: 355, 157 Color: Control * Text: Item Details * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Buttons * Size: 75, 23 * Color: Control * Text: Update; Cancel * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif * Textbox * Size: 261, 20 * Color: Window * Font: Microsoft Sans Serif Section V 5. 1. Feasibility Operationally This POS is feasible enough in company operation matter. By increasing process accuracy, retailers g ain smoother operations. The process will be much easier with POS System compared to the existing system so as much as possible there will be no interruption in the business operation of Dante’s Radiator Company. Technically POS will be technically feasible for Dante’s Radiator Company because they already have their units so there will be no problem with installation of the software. The only thing they’ll need is printer which will be less costly than buying receipt papers. When it comes into billings, this will also be less costly for they don’t have to manually done their inventory through their excel, with POS all data will be automatically retrieve and easier to manipulate. Economically As aforesaid using this system will be less costly for the company for it will save costs of electricity because of fast and easy use of the system. There will be printer but compared to the time spent on manual processing of their operations the company can even save more. 5. 2. Tangible Benefits When we say tangible, it is capable of being touched. In terms of POS System it has tangible benefits such as a computer which has different functions and can be so useful in a company or business, a printer which also can be useful, and most importantly the printed receipt which is more reliable and informative and will be the evidence of transaction. 5. 3. Intangible Benefits While, intangible is a nonconcrete thing, meaning it refers to the feelings and emotions of a human. POS satisfy the intangible benefit a business man/ woman can have. It satisfies their business processes by saving time and energy as well. This system also will make them save more money for its easy and fast process. APPENDIX * Cost of Benefit Analysis/ Development Cost Item| Description| Cost| Transportation| Transportation in going the house of the group member where we will do our study and some stuff involving the project. | Php150. 0| Food| Snacks and meals we ate during the overnights and during the process of this study. | Php200. 00| Rent| Computer rentals when we didn’t able to do it in the PC of our co-group. | Php40. 00| Document| Printing of the documentation. | Php200. 00| Ring Bind| Compiling of all the documents. | Php50. 00| * Company Background (Location Map) Dante’s Radiator Enterprises Corporation In 1968, Dante’s Trading began as a trading fi rm dealing with repair of automotive. Organized by its President Mr. Dante Caguioa, an entrepreneur backed up by skills and sheer confidence. It started as a small shop located at the heart of A. Bonifacio Avenue, the road leading to North Diversion. Since it as located on a busy site, the small shop was improved into a bigger one, for them to accommodate its fast and growing number of customers and clients. Afterwards, the company concentrated on servicing of automotive radiators. From the very first auto radiator, it moved on to making not only Marine radiators, but a fast growing demand for Industrial radiators made the company a name in the automotive service industry. Just recently, the company re-entered to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from Single Proprietorship into a Corporation, one sign of the company’s progress. * Screenshots * POS Login * Cashier Login * POS’ Interface for Cashier (User Access Level) * Admin Login * POS’ Interface for Admin * Gantt Chart * System Flowchart A A START START Start the POS Start the POS Print Receipt Print Receipt Next Customer Next Customer Login as Cashier Login as Cashier Login Login No Login as Admin? Login as Admin? END END Cashier Interface Cashier Interface No Yes Admin Interface Admin Interface Yes Fill Receipt Fill Receipt Add, Edit, Remove Items Add, Edit, Remove Items A A * VTOC (Visual Table of Contents) Process Point of Sale 0 Process Point of Sale 0 Login As Cashier 1. 2 Login As Cashier 1. 2 Login As Admin 1. 1 Login As Admin 1. 1 Process Data 2. 0 Process Data 2. 0 Read Data Needed 1. 0 Read Data Needed 1. 0 Print Results 3. 0 Print Results 3. 0 Print Receipt 3. 1 Print Receipt 3. 1 Generate Summary Reports 2. 3 Generate Summary Reports 2. 3 Calculate Prices of Items Purchased 2. Calculate Prices of Items Purchased 2. 2 Calculate Number of Items Purchased 2. 1 Calculate Number of Items Purchased 2. 1 Generate Summary Reports 3. 2 Generate Summary Reports 3. 2 Fill Receipt 1. 2. 2 Fill Receipt 1. 2. 2 Scan Barcode 1. 2. 1 Scan Barcode 1. 2. 1 Save Any Changes on Items 1. 1. 2 Save Any Changes on Items 1. 1. 2 Add Edit Remove Items 1. 1. 1 Add Edit Remove Items 1. 1. 1 * References * Computerizing agricultural cooperatives: A practical guide by The Foo d and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations * http://articles. directorym. om/Habits_Of_Unsuccessful_Business_Owners_And_Managers_New_York_NY-r971702-New_York_NY. html * http://www. microsoft. com/business/en-us/resources/technology/business-software/7-reasons-to-switch-to-a-point-of-sale-system * http://www. retailsystems. com/history-of-retail-pos-systems. cfm * http://www. qsrmagazine. com/news/levelup-s-pos-integration-makes-payment-breeze * www. point-of-salesystems. com * pos-systems-review. toptenreviews. com * https://maps. google. com/ * Definition of Terms * Data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data, modeling its process aspects. Dataflow Diagram is used as the visualization of data processing or the structured design. A DFD shows what kinds of information will be input to and output from the system, and where the data will be stored. It does not show information about the timing of processes, or information about whether processes will operate. * Data Flow shows the flow of information from its source to its destination. A data flow is represented by a line, with arrowheads showing the direction of flow. Each data flow may be referenced by the processes or data stores at its head and tail, or by a description of its contents. Customer (also known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is the recipient of a good, service, product, or idea, obtained from a seller, vendor, or supplier for a monetary or other valuable consideration. * Data Flow Diagram is a chart that traces the movement of data in a computer system and shows how the data is to be processed. * Diagram is a two-dimensional geometric symbolic represent ation of information according to some visualization technique. Sometimes, the technique uses a three-dimensional visualization which is then projected onto the two-dimensional surface. The word graph is sometimes used as a synonym for diagram. * MS Excel is Software developed and manufactured by Microsoft Corporation that allows users to organize, format, and calculate data with formulas using a spreadsheet system broken up by rows and columns. Microsoft Excel usually comes bundled with Microsoft Office and is compatible with other applications offered in the suite of products. * Order is a confirmed request by one party to another to buy, sell, deliver, or receive goods or services under specified terms and conditions. When accepted by the receiving party, an order becomes a legally binding contract. * Products is defined as a thing produced by labor or effort or the result of an act or a process. * Supplier is a party that supplies goods or services. A supplier may be distinguished from a contractor or subcontractor, who commonly adds specialized input to deliverables. Also called vendor. * System A set of detailed methods, procedures, and routines established or formulated to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem. * User is a person who uses a computer.